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 10 Marks Question In Software Engineering 1. What is Software process model? LIST different software process model. Explain how both the waterfall model of the software process and prototyping model can be accommodated in the spiral process model. A software process model is a structured approach used in software development to define, plan, design, build, test, and deliver high-quality software systems. These models help guide the development process and provide a framework for managing and controlling software projects. Here are some different software process model: Waterfall Model: The Waterfall model is a linear and sequential approach to software development. It consists of distinct phases such as requirements, design, implementation, testing, deployment, and maintenance, with each phase dependent on the previous one.    Figure : Waterfall Model Agile Model: Agile methodologies, including Scrum and Kanban, emphasize flexibility, collaboration, and iterative devel...

In mathematics, the four basic arithmetic operation applied on numbers are addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. In computers the same operation are performed inside the central processing unit by the arithmetic and logic unit (ALU). However, the arithmetic and logic unit cannot perform binary subtractions directly. It performs binary subtraction using a process known as complementation. For multiplication and division, the arithmetic and logic unit uses a method called shifting before adding the bits. Binary Addition The five possible addition in binary are:  1. 0 + 0 = 0 2. 0 + 1 = 1 3. 1 + 0 = 1 4. 1 + 1 = 10 (read as sum 0, carry 1) 5. 1 + 1 = 11 (read as sum 1, carry 1) Example : Find the sum of 111+001 base 2. Solution : Arrange the bits vertically :  Working from the right to the left, we proceed as follows: +011 Step 1: 1 + 1 = 10 (write down 0 and carry 1) 1010 Step 2: 1 + 1 + 1 = 11 (add and carry over digit to 1 + 1 in order to get 1 + 1 + 1. From the ...

Basic approach used for error detection is the use of redundancy, where additional bits are added to facilitate detection and correction of errors.  Popular technique are:  Simply Parity Check Two-dimension parity check Checksum Cyclic redundancy check Parity method for Error Detection Table: Message with even parity and odd parity Even Parity  Definition: In even parity the number of bits set to 1 in a data item, including the parity bit itself is always even. If the number of 1s in the data is odd, the parity bit is set to 1 to make the total number of 1s even. Odd Parity Definition: In odd parity the number of bits set to 1 in the data item including the parity bit is always odd. If the number of 1s in the data is even the parity bit is set to 1 to make the total number of 1s odd. Notes: - Parity method is only for the error detection not for the error correction. -  This method provide for the detection of single bit error (or any odd number of errors, which is...

Number System A number system is a set of symbols used to represent values derived from a common base or radix(r). As far as computer are concerned, number systems can be classified into four major categories. Decimal Number System Binary Number System  Octal Number System  Hexadecimal Number System A number expressed in base-r-system has coefficient multiplied by power of r. A n  .r  n + a n-1 .r n-1 +…. a 2 .r 2 + a 1 .r +a 0 + a -1 .r -1 +a -2 .r 2 + ….. +a -m .r -m EXAMPLE :- The first Sixteen Number in the decimal, binary, octal and hexadecimal systems are given in following Table : Decimal Binary Octal Hexadecimal Base 10 Base 2 Base 8 Base 16 00 0000 00 0 01 0001 01 1 02 0010 02 2 03 0011 03 3 04 0100 ...

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  Introduction A database is the collection of related persistent data and contains information relevant to an enterprise. The database is also called the repository or container for a collection of data files.  For example, university database for maintaining information about students, courses and grades in university. A database system is basically just a computerized record-keeping system. A database system involves four major components: data, hardware, software, and users. The database management system (DBMS) is the software that handles all access to the database. It is defined as the collection of interrelated data and a set of programs to access those data. Users of a DBMS system can perform the following basic operations on the database: Adding new, empty files to the database.  Inserting data into existing files. Retrieving data from existing files.  Changing data in existing files.  Deleting data from existing files.  Removing existing file...

  What is Computer Graphics? Computer Graphic is an art of drawing pictures on computer screens with the help of programming . It involves computation, creation and manipulation of data.  In other words, we can say that computer graphics is a rendering tool for the generation and manipulation of images. Computer graphics is  a field related to the generation of graphics using computers. In short, it refers different things:- Pictures,  scenes that are generated by a computer. Tools  used to make such pictures, software and hardware, input/output devices. The  whole field of study  that involves these tools and the pictures they produce. Types of Computer Graphics Basically, there are two types of computer graphics namely. Interactive Computer Graphics  Non -interactive Computer Graphics   1. Interactive Computer Graphics  Interactive computer graphics refers to the field of computer graphics that focuses on creating graphical content tha...

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