5th Semester Notes

 

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Database Management System (DBMS)

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  Introduction A database is the collection of related persistent data and contains information relevant to an enterprise. The database is also called the repository or container for a collection of data files.  For example, university database for maintaining information about students, courses and grades in university. A database system is basically just a computerized record-keeping system. A database system involves four major components: data, hardware, software, and users. The database management system (DBMS) is the software that handles all access to the database. It is defined as the collection of interrelated data and a set of programs to access those data. Users of a DBMS system can perform the following basic operations on the database: Adding new, empty files to the database.  Inserting data into existing files. Retrieving data from existing files.  Changing data in existing files.  Deleting data from existing files.  Removing existing file...
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Error Detection And Correction Codes (Digital Logic)

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Basic approach used for error detection is the use of redundancy, where additional bits are added to facilitate detection and correction of errors.  Popular technique are:  Simply Parity Check Two-dimension parity check Checksum Cyclic redundancy check Parity method for Error Detection Table: Message with even parity and odd parity Even Parity  Definition: In even parity the number of bits set to 1 in a data item, including the parity bit itself is always even. If the number of 1s in the data is odd, the parity bit is set to 1 to make the total number of 1s even. Odd Parity Definition: In odd parity the number of bits set to 1 in the data item including the parity bit is always odd. If the number of 1s in the data is even the parity bit is set to 1 to make the total number of 1s odd. Notes: - Parity method is only for the error detection not for the error correction. -  This method provide for the detection of single bit error (or any odd number of errors, which is...
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Operating System Notes for BCA 4th Semester

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Operating System        What is Operating System ? Overview An operating system (OS) is a software program that acts as an intermediary between computer hardware and the applications that run on a computer. It manages and coordinates various hardware and software components to provide a user-friendly and efficient environment for computing.  Key functions of an operating system includes: Process Management: The OS handles the execution of processes (programs) by allocating CPU time, managing process synchronization, and controlling process communication. Memory Management: It manages the computer's memory, allocating and deallocating memory space for different programs and ensuring efficient utilization of available memory resources. File System Management: The OS manages files and directories on storage devices, facilitating reading, writing, and organization of data on storage media such as hard drives, solid-state drives, and removable devices. Device Mana...
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