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Operating System        What is Operating System ? Overview An operating system (OS) is a software program that acts as an intermediary between computer hardware and the applications that run on a computer. It manages and coordinates various hardware and software components to provide a user-friendly and efficient environment for computing.  Key functions of an operating system includes: Process Management: The OS handles the execution of processes (programs) by allocating CPU time, managing process synchronization, and controlling process communication. Memory Management: It manages the computer's memory, allocating and deallocating memory space for different programs and ensuring efficient utilization of available memory resources. File System Management: The OS manages files and directories on storage devices, facilitating reading, writing, and organization of data on storage media such as hard drives, solid-state drives, and removable devices. Device Mana...

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  1     Introduction of Process scheduling Process scheduling is a fundamental concept in operating systems that deals with the efficient and orderly execution of multiple processes running concurrently on a computer system. In a multitasking operating system, such as Windows, macOS, or Linux, there are typically many processes competing for the CPU's (Central Processing Unit) attention. The process scheduler is responsible for determining which process should run next and allocating CPU time to each process in a fair and efficient manner. The primary goals of process scheduling are: Fairness: Ensure that each process gets a fair share of the CPU time, preventing any single process from monopolizing the CPU and starving others. Efficiency: Maximize CPU utilization and throughput by keeping the CPU busy with productive tasks as much as possible. Responsiveness: Prioritize interactive processes, like user interface applications, to ...